Introduction: Marine Ecosystem The oceans encompass over 70% of the Earth’s surface, emphasizing their importance to the global environment. In addition to having a huge effect on global heat transfer and precipitation, the seas are home to a diverse range of marine creatures. Humans largely impact climate through emissions from fossil fuels, industrial, agricultural, and … Read more
Introduction- Cyclones are the most terrible storms on Earth. A cyclone is a system of counter-clock-wise circulation of winds around a core of low pressure (eye of a cyclone) in the Northern Hemisphere and opposite conditions in the southern hemisphere winds move clockwise direction around the eye of the cyclone (due to Coriolis effect). Moving … Read more
Introduction: The word “tsunami” is borrowed from the Japanese tsunami 波 t, meaning “harbor wave”.A tsunami is a set of waves caused by the displacement of a set of waves in a body of water into an ocean or large lake. Earthquakes below the surface of the water, volcanic eruptions, and other underwater explosions (including … Read more
Introduction:- The Indian Ocean, a body of saltwater, accounts for about one-fifth of the total area of the world’s oceans. It is the smallest in the region, the smallest in geology, and the most complex in physics of the three oceans in the world. With an area of 3,340,000 square miles, it extends to more … Read more
General Introduction: Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean, accounting for about one-fifth of the earth’s surface. The name of the ocean comes from the Greek myth “Atlas Sea”. The earliest mention of this name in the history of Herodotus dates back to 450 BC. The ocean occupies a slender S-shaped basin that … Read more
Salinity in Ocean The oceans are types of basins on the surface of the earth which containing saltwater. salinity is defined as the total amount of dissolved material in grams in one kilogram of seawater. The variability of dissolved salt is very small, and we must be very careful to define salinity in ways that … Read more
The Pacific Ocean is known as the biggest ocean on the earth which occupies 1/3rd part of the entire globe. Pacific Ocean Extension 16000 km in East-West (Asia Coast to America (West Coast), With this, 14800 km in North or South (Bering Strait – Cape Andre (Antarctica). The average depth of the Pacific Ocean is … Read more
Chapter -1 CORAL REEFS Introduction: Coral is a cold rock type that mainly consists of the skeletons of small marine organisms known as “polyps”. Coral reefs and atolls are formed from the accumulation and pressure of the skeletons of these lime-secreting organisms. Coral reefs are vibrant, colorful, and multifaceted underwater ecosystems, and are home to … Read more
General introduction: Oceanography The Earth’s surface is divided into two major types: oceanic, with a thin dense crust about 10 km thick, and continental, with a thick light crust of about 40 km which are also known as first-order relief features. The ocean and seas cover 70.8% of the surface of the earth, which amounts … Read more